Sep+16+Notes

by Alicia !!

LIPIDS.

-Mostly carbon or hydrogen -triglyceride is a fat if solid at room temperature and an oil if liquid at room temperature -lipids=3 fatty acid tails and a glycerol molecule -fats are hydrophobic (water fearing) ex. salad dressing -saturated fats=tail chains with only one bond between carbon atom -unsaturated fat=at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the tail chain (= is a double bond) -polyunsaturated fat=fats with more than one double bond in the tail chain -FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS: 1) long-term energy storage 2) cell membranes (lipid bilayer) 3) waterproof seal on aquatic animals 4) cushioning to protect kidneys and other organs 5) insulation for marine mammals -proteins are made of monomers called amino acids which are held together by peptide bonds -amino acids=small compounds made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur -amino acids always have a central carbon atom -one of the four carbon bonds is with hydrogen -the other three are with an amino group (-NHsub2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a variable group (-R) -primary structure=the number and order in which the amino acids are joined -secondary structure=unique 3D shape, like a helix or pleat, formed after an amino acid chain is formed -hertiary structure=occurs with the contortions of the secondary structure (gymnastics, pretzel, Twister) -quarternary structure=when more than one protein molecule combine (hemoglobin) FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS: 1) Some are enzymes which control the rate of chemical reactions and regulate cell processes 2) some serve as transport molecules to move substances in and out of the cell 3) some act as part of the immune system 4) some help transport substances throughout the body (hemoglobin) 5) some form bones and muscles -nucleic acids=complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information -nucleic acids are made of monomers called nucleotides, composed of C, N, O, P, and H -the function of nucleic acids is to carry and transmit genetic information (DNA)